Silicon nanoparticles materials are considered to have the prospect of manufacturing large-capacity batteries because of their abundant reserves and the ability to absorb more lithium ions than the graphite used in lithium batteries. However, silicon particles expand and contract when absorbing and releasing lithium ions, and are easily broken after repeated charge and discharge cycles.
The team of Jillian Buriak, a chemist at the University of Alberta in Canada, found that shaping silicon into nano-sized particles helps prevent it from breaking. The study tested four different sizes of silicon nanoparticles and determined how large the size would be to maximize the benefits of silicon while minimizing its shortcomings.
They are uniformly distributed in a highly conductive graphene aerogel made of carbon having a nanopore diameter to compensate for the low conductivity of silicon. They found that the smallest particles (only one billionth of a meter in diameter) showed the best long-term stability after multiple charge and discharge cycles. This overcomes the limitation of using silicon in lithium ion batteries. This discovery may lead to a new generation of batteries that are 10 times more powerful than current lithium-ion batteries and a critical step toward the next generation of silicon-based lithium-ion batteries.
This research has broad application prospects, especially in the field of electric vehicles, which can make it travel farther, charge faster, and the battery is lighter. The next step is to develop a faster, cheaper way to make silicon nanoparticles, making them easier to use in industrial production.
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