Nano antibacterial materials are a kind of new materials with antibacterial properties. After the emergence of nanotechnology, antibacterial agents are prepared into nano-scale antibacterial agents through certain methods and techniques, and then prepared with certain antibacterial carriers into a material with antibacterial properties.
Classification of nano antibacterial materials
1. Metal nano antibacterial materials
The metal ions used in inorganic nano antibacterial materials are silver, copper, zinc and the like which are safe for human body.
Ag+ is toxic to prokaryotes (bacteria) and has no toxic effects on eukaryotic cells. Its antibacterial ability is the strongest among several metal ions that can be safely used. Nano silver has a strong killing effect on various bacteria. Due to its non-toxic, broad-spectrum and good antibacterial properties, nano silver-based inorganic antibacterial materials currently dominate inorganic antibacterial materials and are widely used in medical products, civil textiles and home appliances.
2. Photocatalytic nano antibacterial materials
Photocatalytic nano antibacterial materials refer to a class of semiconductor inorganic materials represented by nano-TiO2(titanium dioxide nanoparticles), which having photocatalytic properties, such as nano-TiO2, ZnO(zinc oxide nanoparticles), WO3(tungsten oxide nanoparticles), ZrO2(zirconium dioxide nanoparticles), V2O3(vanadium oxide nanoparticles), SnO2(tin oxide nanoparticles), SiC(silicon carbide nanoparticles), and their composites. In terms of procedures and cost performance, nano-TiO2 has great advantages over several other photocatalytic antibacterial materials: nano-TiO2 can not only affect the bacterial fecundity, but also attack the outer layer of bacterial cells, penetrate the cell membrane, completely degrade the bacteria, and prevent secondary pollution caused by endotoxin.
3. Inorganic nano antibacterial materials modified with quaternary ammonium salt
Such antibacterial materials are commonly used in the intercalated nano-antibacterial material montmorillonite, nano-antibacterial material nano-SiO2 particles (silicon dioxide nanoparticles) with grafted structure. Inorganic nano-SiO2 particles are used as doping phase in plastics, and are not easily migrated and precipitated by plastic wrapping, so that the antibacterial plastic has good and long-term antibacterial.
4. Composite nano antibacterial materials
At present, most nano-antibacterial materials use a single nano-antibacterial material, which has certain limitations. Therefore, designing and developing a new type of antibacterial materials with fast and efficient sterilization function has become an important direction for the current research of nanotechnology expansion.
Main application fields of nano antibacterial materials
1. Nano antibacterial coating
2. Nano antibacterial plastic
3. Nano antibacterial fiber
4. Nano antibacterial ceramics
5. Nano antibacterial building materials
Nano antibacterial materials have many excellent properties different from macroscopic composite materials, such as high heat resistance, easy to use, stable chemical properties, long-lasting antibacterial spectrum and safety, making nano antibacterial materials widely used in building materials, ceramics, anitary ware, textiles, plastics and many other fields. It is believed that with the deepening of scientific research, nano-antibacterial materials will play an increasingly important role in various fields such as medicine, daily use, chemical industry and building materials.